Roberto Fernández Balbuena (Madrid, 1890 – Mexico City, 1966) was a painter and architect who specialized in portraiture, landscape, still life, and genre painting. He was an honorary member of the *Salones de Otoño* (Autumn Salons) in Madrid, deputy director of the Prado Museum in 1938 under Pablo Picasso’s leadership, president of the *Junta del Tesoro Artístico de Madrid* (Board of the Artistic Treasure of Madrid), and a delegate of the *Ministerio de Instrucción Pública* (Ministry of Public Instruction).

He studied at the *Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando* (School of Fine Arts of San Fernando) and at the *Escuela Oficial de Arquitectura* (Official School of Architecture) in Madrid. Later, he expanded his education in Rome as a scholarship recipient. He began working as an architect alongside his brother Gustavo. Fernández Balbuena submitted his works to the National Fine Arts Exhibitions, earning a third-place medal in 1924 and a second-place medal in the 1926 edition for a painting which is now part of the Prado Museum’s collection. During his exile, he relocated to Mexico, where he worked as both a painter and an architect, contributing to projects such as markets and housing developments.