Rosario Cabrera López (Mexico City, 1901 – Progreso, Yucatán, 1975) was a key painter in the Mexican artistic renaissance, mistakenly categorized as naïve but recently recognized as an academic painter. Orphaned at a young age, it was her father who sparked her artistic vocation. 

She was one of the first women to study at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (National School of Fine Arts). In 1920, she participated in the school's annual exhibition and held her first solo exhibition in 1921. Three years later, she attended the Ex Convento de Churubusco. She later moved to Paris, and upon her return, she became an advocate for the Escuelas de Pintura al Aire Libre (Outdoor Painting Schools), where she also held positions as a teacher and director at the schools in Los Reyes, Coyoacán, and Cholula. After their closure, she focused on teaching in primary schools. 

Despite her withdrawal from art in the early 1930s, her work in portraits and landscapes, such as La nopalera and Casa de Los Reyes, solidified her as an important figure, and she has been recognized as "the first great Mexican painter of the 20th century."